Why Are There so Many 'Life Coaches'?

Why

are there so many “Life Coaches”?

Scrambling over each other like crabs in a pot.

 

How

can your Botoxed lips inform my life?

 

I want to look away, but it’s nearly impossible;

transfixed by your train wreck.

 

You’re always here,

creeping around corners and sticking your head where it doesn’t belong.

 

You didn’t even go to an accredited university;

licensed from the back pages of a New Age Magazine.

 

Cry yourself to sleep — just leave me alone!

 

I have an actual therapist with a PhD,

and I don’t want to buy any of your crap “Masterclass” courses

even at discounted rates.

 

Get a real job!

 

Or be a legitimate out-of-work artist.

 

Just stop claiming that you can “fix” my life

when you obviously know nothing about anything.

 

Stop senselessly backflipping.

I almost feel sorry for you,

until I remember who you are:

 

Charlatan-huckster.

Grifting off other people’s pain.

 

Vampire-Zombies

in hoards, en masse.

 

Fix yourselves!

The Infinite Sadness of the World

The infinite sadness of the world fills me with a warm glow;

an enormous fire inside me

surrounded by snow.

 

The flames don’t leap out — I’m a self-contained oven,

like all the other ovens,

minding their own hot coals.

 

The snow feels thick,

like marshmallows,

heavy damp clouds,

hugging in the warmth,

buffering the edges,

maintaining and containing.

 

The dichotomy of this hotness/coldness

creates its own atmosphere,

something neither hot or cold,

encompassing all the feelings,

beyond feeling.

 

Feeling everything at once,

feeling loses its meaning,

like freezing to death while going up in flames simultaneously.

You are a Ghost Somewhere

You were so beautiful...

until you lost your mind and fucked-up your face forever,

when there was nothing wrong with it in the first place.

 

You were always a nervous wreck,

vibrating and gyrating at such a high pitch

only certain animals could hear it.

 

All the men were too dumb for you,

dragging their knuckles on the pavement while their tongues lolled out;

you loved them this way,

but only obsessed over the highly critical ones,

the ones you could never please.

 

I was invisible beside you,

quiet and observing,

equally mesmerized by your beauty and power,

your wit and intelligence

and your tendency to jump into the deep end dragging everyone with you.

 

The first day I met you,

you climbed a ladder on the side of a Los Angeles building

wearing pink high heels while balancing a cocktail in one hand — be still, my heart!

 

I was just as stricken as those dumb apes

(including my boyfriend)

by your charms.

When I found out you could make me laugh,

there was no turning back.

 

You inspired me to think Big

and burst at my own seams with the wholeness of me.

 

But when you lost your face,

you lost everything.

Not because you were no longer beautiful,

but because your heart dried up like a raisin

inside an empty husk.

 

Everything vanished

when the appeal of your own selfies disappeared,

because your image was the core

upon which everything was based.

 

What was the point of doing anything,

since your own reflection no longer inspired you

but endlessly disappointed you from here to eternity?

 

You still had your words

but they stopped.

You still had your art

but it stopped.

You still had your songs

but you stopped.

 

Everything died with your new unimproved face.

 

My dreams grew bigger and more pronounced

consistently unaffected by my own face,

accustomed to being ancillary.

 

You are a ghost somewhere,

though still alive,

tormented by vanity and regret,

the only things ever capable of silencing you.

 

I forge on,

not as beautiful...never as beautiful,

but mostly complete.

Miss Linda's Humanities MA Philosophy Paper on Consciousness and Lucid Dreaming: "A Dream within a Dream"

 

     I begin this essay with an example of my own lucid dreaming experience to reveal how magical and exciting it can be; literally anything you can think of, you can do in your dreams, and with a little practice and conscious awareness, you can get better and better at accomplishing this. I have included scientific facts and figures in this essay also, but want to start with my own experience first, as the main reason I chose to study this subject further for HUMA 520, Self: Body and Mind, is that I have experienced the thrill of lucid dreaming first hand and wanted to dive into the subject deeper. To clarify, lucid dreaming is the awareness of being in a dream; the conscious awareness of being in a dream while asleep, or as Stephen LaBerge (one of the founders of lucid dreaming research) puts it: “Knowing that you’re dreaming while continuing to dream” (Konkoly, 1:08).

     My recurring lucid dream: I wake up. I look toward my nightstand next to me and see the digital clock that I don’t have there flashing “12:00”…I realize immediately that I’m dreaming, and that I’m aware I’m dreaming. This is called a lucid dream “marker”. Another marker: I wake up. I attempt to turn on my bedside lamp. I turn the switch, but the light does not go on. My heart begins to race…I know I’m dreaming. Just to make sure, I get up out of bed and go into the bathroom where I try the light switch there: no light ensues. This is another marker, my affirmation that it’s time to start flying while I can, while I have the chance. Why waste time on anything else? I start to flap my arms like a giant bird, and begin to levitate off the floor. I rise and then fly around my bedroom for practice, testing my “wings”, then approach my balcony and take a leap of faith, literally, into the star-filled night sky, and soar and spin and glide until I ultimately scare myself into waking up, for real this time, back into the mundane physical world where a non-illuminated light bulb is just burned-out, and is not a marker or symbol of anything. I find myself curled-up quietly, in the same position I fell asleep in.

     Markers were also used in the 2019 lucid dreaming study at Northwestern University. Unbeknownst to their research team at the time, three other similar studies were underway in France, the Netherlands, and Germany (with thirty-six participants total); they all reached the same conclusion, independently – a lucid dreamer could be engaged in two-way communication during the REM, Rapid Eye Movement, sleep stage (90% of all lucid dreaming happens in this sleep phase, which occurs mostly near the end of the sleep cycle), and could be influenced by external stimuli to affect the environment inside their dreams. These Neuroscientists’ findings were published in the journal, Current Biology.

     These teams of lucid dream researchers connected to the dreaming participants by asking them direct, simple questions, then asking them to respond with eye movement to the left or the right for a yes or no answer. They were also able to solve simple mathematical problems, such as “What is eight minus six?” by moving their eyes to indicate their answers. When the participants woke up, they were asked how the “outside” voices came through to them within their dreams, and they said via various sources, such as a radio, television, or video game in the dream. The researchers also used flashing lights, such as strobe lights, in the laboratory, and the dreamers reported seeing flashing lights in their dreams, corresponding to these flashing lights in the external laboratory world. Other sounds besides vocal questions were made also, which the dreamers reported hearing upon waking up. These lucid dreaming studies bridge the gap between the conscious and subconsciousness mind.

     Now you may be intrigued enough to wonder what you can do to achieve a lucid dream state yourself. Dr. Achilleas Pavlou, a lucid dream researcher, has some tips: he says the more you lucid dream, the easier it gets to reach that state, so with a little patience (or a lot of patience, in my own humble experience) and repeated practice, you will find it’s like any other skill you want to learn…it will come to be easier and feel more natural with time.

     Pavlou also states that creative thinking in general lends itself to lucid dreaming, so thinking creatively or “outside of the box” thinking can enhance not only your waking hours, but your dream-time too. Resorting to creative alternatives in your conscious, waking state seems to bleed over into your subconscious dreaming state. I personally found that when I took more risks in my lucid dreaming state, that bled over into my conscious state, and gave me more confidence in taking risks and chances in “the real world”.

     There are also apps available to guide you into a lucid dreaming state; one was created by Neuroscientist Ken Paller of Northwestern University called “Lucid”. Once the app is activated, it plays sounds six hours after being set. Studies have shown that it has induced lucid dreaming in 40% of its users. I have been experimenting on my own, and setting my snooze alarm as I wake up and drift back to sleep; I’ve found that I do start dreaming again, but so far no lucid dreams have appeared for me this way, which are very different from regular dreams.

     Another easy method toward lucid dreaming is keeping track of your dreams in a dream journal. It’s best to write down your dreams as soon as you can upon waking, and describe not only all of the details you can remember, but also the feelings you experienced inside the dream. The more your conscious mind becomes aware of what just happened in the subconscious dream world, the more those two parts of the brain feel more easily joined (from what I’ve experienced). You could write your dreams by hand on paper, type them up, or record them into a recording device…the most important thing is being consistent in this practice. And, if nothing else, you will gain more insight into your own subconscious mind, which is a plus in and of itself.

     Another easy method for becoming more aware in your dreams is to tell yourself throughout the day, “The next time I am dreaming, I will remember to realize that I am dreaming” (Konkoly, 4:21). Tell yourself this repeatedly throughout your waking hours, and while you’re in bed before you go to sleep at night. Let your conscious mind know to remain vigilant, even while it’s “asleep”. Another technique that is similar is to remember the last dream you had while falling back asleep…remember every detail, and try to recreate the previous dream with a conscious awareness of it, and what you would like to enact in it the next time; this is called the Mnemonic Induction Technique.

     In addition to exploring extreme adventures through lucid dreaming, it has other benefits as well, the main one being that it could provide insight into how consciousness itself is formed (as these studies are relatively new, much more research will need to be done to delve deeper into this dense subject). In a more practical way, it could be utilized as a treatment for chronic nightmares and Post Traumatic Stress Syndrome (PTSD) by having the dreamer face his or her fears within the dreamworld, thereby hopefully eliminating them both in the conscious and subconscious realms. Another practical benefit would be to use lucid dreaming time as a way to practice or rehearse motor skills; many musicians, dancers, and athletes have used their dream time as a way to hone their waking skills while asleep, and many have discovered solutions to their “problem” while dreaming the answer.

     The greatest benefit (to me) is that lucid dreaming helps us to develop more compassion:

We feel an ego separation in the waking world, between who we are and the world going on around us. This is an ego-based perspective. When you’re dreaming, you have more of a situation-based perspective, where everything in your dream is created by your mind; everything is connected, rather than separate. This situation-based experience enables you to experience things from another’s perspective, and make the best choices for each given situation, rather than reacting from an ego perspective. This gives you more compassion in your daily life. (Konkoly, 9:37)

Having more compassion in our daily lives means that we treat not only others, but ourselves with more kindness, understanding, and generosity, making the “real world” a much better place to reside in.

     So, let’s say you find yourself inside a lucid dream…now what? You could perform a “Reality Test” as I did in my lucid dream, where I turned on light switches that did not produce light, leading you to realize that you’re dreaming. Dr. Konkoly says that she wears a certain bracelet every day, so in her dreams she checks to see if it is on her wrist – if it’s not, she knows she’s dreaming. You can work toward recognizing these “markers” or symbols in your dreams (everyone’s symbols will be different), then work toward gaining control of your actions and environment within the dream. For me, personally, when I first started lucid dreaming I would notice a marker, realize I was dreaming and then scare myself awake. Being “aware” within your dream takes some courage, as at first it can feel a little scary and unfamiliar. Just like in the “real world” anything can happen in your dreams…and even more unpredictable and bizarre things can happen while dreaming, so courage and perseverance is definitely helpful.

     Speaking from my own experience, my lucid dreaming has been happening over decades of my lifetime, and is always random and unplanned. Even though I have listed several techniques to “get you there”, lucid dreaming has always caught me by surprise, when I was busy and preoccupied with other things. What has remained constant for me are my “markers” and my great sense of wonder at the adventure presented before me, as some kind of gift…from my conscious or subconscious mind, or the two of them, intertwined. Being able to fly like a giant bird is a beautiful gift, indeed, no matter how it’s created. Science is just now beginning to scratch the surface of what consciousness is – most probably in the future scientists will focus even more intently on the personal experiences of their subjects to discover what individual, subjective consciousness really is, and what that will mean for all of us in the future.

 

 

 Works Cited

 

Graves, Dante. “Communicating with a Dreaming Person is Possible”. NOVA/PBS, February 2, 2021. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/article/lucid-dreaming-communication/

 

Konkoly, Karen. “This Could be a Dream”. TEDx, Lehigh University, Novermber 13, 2015. https://youtu.be/IpxaPnp0WR0

 

Pavlou, Achilleas. “I’m a Lucid Dream Researcher – Here’s How to Train Your Brain to Do It” The Conversation, June 19, 2019. https://theconversation.com/im-a-lucid-dream-researcher-heres-how-to-train-your-brain-to-do-it-118901

 

Lucid Dreaming Image (Flower Woman): https://www.pinterest.com/pin/100486635416198236/

Rancho Tarzanadu: "Miss Linda is Still a Doll"

.    Miss Linda is still a doll…one month and eleven days later…still a doll.

     She wasn’t too clear on the timeline for being a doll, remaining a doll, turning into a doll, or any of it.

     She had been sleeping way too much…she could escape in her dreams and get lost in them, which was comforting, yet also odd since that is when she transformed into a doll in the first place. Waking up was the difficult part (and she certainly didn’t mean this in a Right-wing conspiracy-theory sort of way, but in a literal, physical way). The sun kept unrelentingly rising, and she was arduously slow to rise. Thank God(s) for her Pandemic Relief money and Government Cheese, because she wasn’t sure how to properly function in the “real” world anymore, which was now more virtual than ever before.

     Her mother was gone, and she felt a reverberating black hole in the Universe, and now she was a doll. Still a doll.

     She reached out to her sister and a few trusted friends, informing them of her predicament. To her surprise, they were not surprised, but empathetic to her condition, and offered their emotional, virtual support.

     She had somehow managed to finish a group presentation in her Philosophy class on “Consciousness”, which was extra ironic, considering her situation. She had been participating in all her Zoom classroom meetings with her camera turned off, so no one there was the wiser (at least that she was aware of).

     Her philosophy professor kept advocating for the sound reasoning of Science, and that someday artificial intelligence would be able to feel, the same way that humans do. She kept arguing that it would not be possible, because human emotion is so complicated…how could a robot ever even begin to understand the complexities of human emotion? She could think of a handful of ex-boyfriends who never came close to mastering this. She also felt that being a doll was an intermediary step in the wrong direction for her philosophical argument. She made an oversized White Russian (which was harder than it sounds, but worth the effort) and contemplated this. She was confused. She was the first to admit this. Somehow, she faked her way to a 4.0 grade point average, and got a grant from the school board for the Spring semester. If they only knew they were giving it…to a doll.

     She contacted her friend, Sister Eartha, a PhD in Women’s Spirituality, seeking counsel. They had known each other since 1980, and had been through a lot together. Probably too much, to be honest. They didn’t even need words to communicate with each other, but only telepathy. They had been refining this technique for decades, even through their “rough patches”. Actually, enhanced through their rough patches.

     One good piece of news: Manuel would be returning home to Rancho Tarzanadu from Guantanamo Bay, due to COVID-19 (to prevent further outbreaks there). He had been gone for four years and twenty-two days. Miss Linda wondered how he would react to the fact that she was now a doll. It had gotten a little dicey with exerting her authority around Rancho Tarzanadu…it’s hard to be taken seriously as a doll, let’s be honest. She had to overreach to make any sort of impression at all, and then called out for that, and it was frankly emotionally exhausting. She was only human, after all. She was only human…now she was just uncertain. Of everything.

Rancho Tarzanadu: "Miss Linda Turns into a Doll"

     Miss Linda was turned into a doll.

     She was not exactly certain how it happened, but she’d been mulling it over quite a bit, as you might imagine.

     She’d had another night of extremely fitful dreams (some would call them nightmares), in which she was trying to navigate her way through crowded college campuses, trudging her way up lengthy winding stairwells, and running perennially late for class.

     She arrived at one class later than all the other students, and was ushered into what looked like a restaurant (it had been nearly a year since she’d been to an actual restaurant), and was seated at a small, child-like table with a green and white checkered tablecloth. There was a bottle of red wine on the table – the kind that comes in that little basket-type thing, and there was also various fancy cheeses and hearty bread. Just as she came to the realization that she had been out-and-about without a mask on, at crowded college campuses, enclosed winding stairwells, and now here at a restaurant (!), she woke with a start at 4:30 AM, to the stark discovery that she was now…a doll.

     Her mother had died three days after Thanksgiving (nine weeks ago), and Miss Linda let the waterworks flow for a solid two weeks after that, then began functioning in a sort of melancholic daze (some would call this depression). She had been isolated at Rancho Tarzanadu for almost a full year due to the pandemic, and as beautiful a place as it was for a person to be isolated…it was still isolation. She had busied and distracted herself for weeks with tying up loose ends (some ends inevitably slipped through the cracks) from her sweet mother’s death, and now felt like a lonely orphan. One of Miss Linda’s neighbors actually said to her: “You’re an orphan now!” As old as Miss Linda was, she did not disagree with her; she was an orphan now.

     Miss Linda’s theory was that all of these things combined had turned her into a doll. Which felt strangely…natural, considering the circumstances.

     Now she had to figure out how to turn herself back into a human.

     Maybe she’d wait a little while longer before rushing to figure things out.

     Maybe being a doll might actually be better?

     She definitely had plenty to think about.

     As long as she could still fill out her unemployment forms online, it might not be so bad to just stay this way for a while.

     She had a paper due the next day comparing the Ancient Greeks to modern-day Polyamorists…getting that done could be tricky. Typing it up would definitely take longer than usual.

     There were lots of things to figure out…lots and lots of various things, but she decided to go with the flow for now…what else could she do, really?

 

(Photo credit: self-portrait by Miss Linda, on her first day as a doll.)

The Sacred in the Profane

My mother died on Sunday, November 29, 2020 at the age of ninety-five years old. I was fortunate enough to be with her as she took her last breath – something I was terrified of doing before I actually did it. I was so sad to lose her, and scared that her last moments would be dramatic, traumatic, melodramatic, but instead it was a quiet, peaceful departure from this realm…her breathing slowed down more and more, and then she just…stopped. She was gone. What had animated her all these years was no longer there. She was no longer “herself”. Her body was just a body, but Virginia Estelle (“Estelle” means “star” in French) was not here anymore. This experience could be looked at as a profane experience…it’s what we all must do, at some point, and it is part of existing in the first place, but it could also be viewed as a sacred experience…the passing from this world into the next, whatever that may be. Passing into the great mystery. I watched her go as I smoothed back her hair, and told her for the millionth time how much I loved her. For me, a self-declared Agnostic Pagan, it was a sacred experience. It was an out-of-the-ordinary experience, though it happens to people every day, all over the world. It is common. It could be called “mundane”. It is simultaneously both of these things: profane and sacred.

The sacred is embedded in the profane, and the profane is imbued with the sacred. All of our lives, our deaths, all of the details in-between are filled with minutiae that make up our lives, and in every fleeting moment the sacred lives, and even lives on after death, in the hearts of the ones left behind. The sacred and the profane are not separate, they are joined together, like night and day, part of the same cycle and rhythm. It is up to each of us to choose how we perceive “reality”; we can view it through a sacred lens, or a profane lens. Witnessing my mother’s last breath made me realize how sacred each breath we take actually is…something we take for granted, as our bodies breathe for us all day, every day of our lives. But what a spectacular miracle that is! A miracle that hides itself inside itself, for us to find, if we look a little more carefully.

Mircea Eliade writes in The Sacred and the Profane about Rudolf Otto’s Das Heilige (The Sacred), published in 1917, in which he discussed the “modalities of the religious experience” (Eliade, 8), focusing mainly on the irrational element of the religious experience. God was seen as “a terrible power, manifested in the divine wrath” (Eliade, 9). This divine wrath may have been feared because of the death experience, or due to circumstances beyond human’s control, such as natural disasters, but ancient people saw this immense power as something outsideof themselves, something that could not be controlled; maybe not as something that they were part of, and belonged to, or that belonged to them. This divine presence presented itself as something “wholly other” (Eliade, 9), and facing this, humans felt a “profound nothingness” (Eliade, 10).

Eliade writes that the sacred “is the opposite of the profane” (Eliade, 10). I would disagree, in that my own experience has shown me that the two are not opposites, but work together in this world; what appears to be profane has the sacred embedded in it, or is supporting it; we just become so “used to it” that we take it for granted and overlook it, mistake it for something else. The sacred is in everything all around us, and inside of us all the time. It is not something to be feared, because it is part of us, and we are made from it.

Eliade writes about hierophany, which indicates “something sacred shows itself to us” (Eliade, 11). Eliade says that “all nature is capable of revealing itself as cosmic sacrality. The cosmos in its entirety can become a hierophany” (Eliade, 12). Eliade states that “The polarity sacred-profane is often expressed as an opposition between real and unreal” (Eliade, 12). I think that the real and unreal merge together, and are one and the same. We may come from the unreal into the real, or we may come from the real into the unreal. We come from a mysterious place, that we will return to, but which is really the real, and which is the unreal? If it is a combined force, they are one and the same, so there is no polarity, there is only ebb and flow of the same cosmic force.

Eliade writes that “desacralization pervades the entire experience of the non-religious man of modern societies and that, in consequence, he finds it increasingly difficult to rediscover the existential dimensions of religious man in the archaic societies” (Eliade, 13). I think this is a personal choice, and not an absolute truth. I also don’t think that a person needs to label themselves as “religious” to live a life full of sacred meaning.

Eliade states that “sacredand profane are two modes of being in the world” (Eliade, 14). Eliade writes of archaic humans that “We need only compare their existential situations with that of a man of the modern societies, living in a desacralized cosmos, and we shall immediately be aware of all that separates him from them” (Eliade, 17). I think that humans can find new meaning, or renewed meaning, and new sacred experiences through scientific exploration, and a new way of finding sacred meaning through more understanding of how energy works, and that we are all a part of that energy, not separate from it.

Harvey Cox writes in The Future of Faith of “a profound change in the elemental nature of religiousness” in our time (Cox, 1). Cox speaks of the “rediscovery of the sacred in the immanent, the spiritual withinthe secular” (Cox, 2). Instead of being two separate entities, they are bound together, part of each other, and work in conjunction with each other.

Cox writes that “Faith is about deep-seated confidence” (Cox, 3), whereas “Belief…is more like opinion” (Cox, 3). Cox discusses three periods of Christianity: the “Age of Faith”, which began with Jesus, the “Age of Belief”, which occurred when the Emperor Constantine the Great utilized Christianity as a device to create an elite ruling class based on creeds and dogma, that lasted approximately 1,500 years, and the “Age of the Spirit”, which is presently unfolding.

Cox states that Fundamentalism is declining (not just within Christianity, but within all major religions around the world) and that the current “Age of the Spirit” has more in common with the first “Age of Faith” than with the second “Age of Belief”. Cox emphasizes the idea that it is more important how a person lives and acts in the world, rather than what they believe. Cox writes about the Gospel of Matthew (25:31-46), speaking of Jesus: “He insisted that those who are welcomed into the Kingdom of God – those who were clothing the naked, feeding the hungry, and visiting the prisoners – were not ‘believers’ and were not even aware that they had been practicing the faith he was teaching and exemplifying” (Cox, 19). I think it is possible to be a part of the sacred, to fully participate with it and in it, without even realizing it, by approaching the world with a sense of wonder and openness, by being present to the daily ebb and flow of life all around us, and from not shying away from “difficult” experiences, as they are part of the larger picture of our lives. I think we can find great meaning by just being present and aware, and can connect with a “greater power” without even labeling it as such. Cox writes that “The experience of the divine is displacing theories about it” (Cox, 20). It is a lived experience, and is around us, and inside of us all the time.

We are born into this world, into this “profane” realm. Unless we have some kind of magical powers, none of us know where, exactly, we came from, why we are here, or where we’re going. My personal belief (my personal faith?) is that we are part of the Universal Energy that created everything and that we are exactly where we’re supposed to be at any given time or place, doing what we’re supposed to be doing. The sacred is inside of us; we are the sacred.

When I was little, I had the distinct feeling that I would turn into a star when I died…I’m not sure where this belief came from, and oddly enough I still believe it today, but in a more “practical” way of merging with the Cosmos; that my energy will join the stardust, the constant flow of matter and energy. I am not a scientist, and I have no proof of this myself, but I find comfort in the thought of turning into a bright, shining star, with no pressure to do or be anything other than a glorious light in the sky. As someone who has recently lost my mother, and is left “behind” in the profane world, seeing her as a star to guide me gives me solace, too. The magic is inside of us; we are the magic.

The sacred is in the profane, in my opinion. It is found everywhere, in everyday life, from the rabbits in the field, to our most dearly held relationships with each other, to the setting sun, and on and on. We become so desensitized to the details of our “mundane” profane lives, but every breath we take is sacred, and every second is sacred…this became abundantly clear to me recently watching my mother take her last breath, and spending her last few seconds on Earth with her. As heart-wrenching as that experience was, it helped me to realize more profoundly how immensely special and sacred every single moment is, every single experience, whether labeled “good” or “bad”, and that love (the sacred) truly is the only thing that matters and is the glue that holds our profane existence together, imbues it with life and meaning. We are sacred.

Works Cited

1. Cox, Harvey, 2009. “Chapter 1: An Age of the Spirit; The Sacred in the Secular?”. In Cox, Harvey, 2009, The Future of Faith. Harper One, 2009. PP. 1-20.

2. Eliade, Mircea, 1957. “Introduction”. In Eliade, Mircea, 1957, The Sacred and the Profane: The Nature of Religion. Harcourt Brace & Company: A Harvest Book, 1957. PP. 8-18.